Proteomic analysis of outer membrane vesicles of Aeromonas hydrophila ML09-119

Aeromonas hydrophila ML09-119 is an important fish pathogen that severely affects channel catfish aquaculture. To better understand this strain’s virulence factors, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were isolated, and their proteome was assessed. Using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, OMVs were shown to be monodispersed particles with an average diameter of 120.33 nm. OMV proteins were identified using mass spectrometry, and analysis of the resulting proteome of 74 proteins revealed that many originated from the cytoplasm, but there was an enrichment of outer membrane, periplasmic, and extracellular proteins compared to the total proteome. The majority of the functional classifications were associated with bacterial metabolism. Of the predicted virulence factors, several had a putative function in adherence, and there were type III secretions system proteins as well as three secreted exotoxins. Overall, our data reveal new insights into A. hydrophila OMVs and their potential roles in physiology and virulence

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Proteomic Analysis of Outer Membrane Vesicles of Aeromonas Hydrophila ML09-119

Aeromonas hydrophila ML09-119 is an important fish pathogen that severely affects channel catfish aquaculture. To better understand this strain’s virulence factors, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were isolated, and their proteome was assessed. Using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, OMVs were shown to be monodispersed particles with an average diameter of 120.33 nm. OMV proteins were identified using mass spectrometry, and analysis of the resulting proteome of 74 proteins revealed that many originated from the cytoplasm, but there was an enrichment of outer membrane, periplasmic, and extracellular proteins compared to the total proteome. The majority of the functional classifications were associated with bacterial metabolism. Of the predicted virulence factors, several had a putative function in adherence, and there were type III secretions system proteins as well as three secreted exotoxins. Overall, our data reveal new insights into A. hydrophila OMVs and their potential roles in physiology and virulence